Together, they make up the shoulder girdle which is a complex of anatomical and physiological joints. Anatomy of selected synovial joints anatomy and physiology. Anatomy and physiology the elbow joint is a hinge joint in other words, it can be bent and stretched. However, the elbow joint is also a rotary joint that allows the lower arm to turn outward. The shoulder complex has the greatest mo bility of all joints. The joint capsule is lax, permitting greater mobility particularly. Pdf anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, metacarpophalangeal. Each illustration is clealy labeled and injuries are textually described. Jul 16, 2019 the most flexible joint in the entire human body, our shoulder joint is formed by the union of the humerus, the scapula or shoulder blade, and the clavicle or collarbone. A monoaxial joint where only flexion and extension are possible is the. Reverse shoulder replacement reverse shoulder replacement thomas j kovack do reverse shoulder replacement normal joint anatomy anatomy rotator cuff 4 muscles 1 in front 1 on top. We searched medline for the years 1980 to 1999, using the key words shoulder, anatomy, glenohumeral joint, acromioclavicular joint. Hart, mpa, ptt the shoulder complex consists of several ana tomical joints and one physiological joint. Anatomy and physiology for pilates purchase college ce class joseph e.
At these joints, the rounded head of one bone the ball fits into the concave articulation the socket of the adjacent bone see figure 9. Apr 14, 2020 a second joint in the shoulder is the junction of the collar bone with the shoulder blade, called the acromioclavicular joint. Anatomy and injuries of the shoulder anatomical chart. A cause of nontraumatic posterior instability of the shoulder.
Shs111 topic summaries detailed, comprehensive and organised notes covering content from. The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint between the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus. Anatomical names for most joints are derived from the names of the bones that articulate at that joint, although some joints, such as the elbow, hip, and knee joints are exceptions to this general naming scheme. The joint is sensitive to pain, pressure, excessive traction, and distension. Since this movement takes place between the upper arm humerus and the cubitus ulna, we speak of the socalled humeralulnar joint. Chapter 5 the shoulder joint manual of structural kinesiology r. The joint with the greatest range of motion is the ballandsocket joint.
At these joints, the rounded head of one bone the ball fits into the concave articulation the socket of the adjacent bone see figure 6. Pdf movements of the human shoulder represent the result of a complex. The shoulder joint is formed where the humerus upper arm. Anatomy of the shoulder joint this movie is an educational resource only and should not be used to make a decision on shoulder arthroscopy. Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder in throwing. It has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body with complete global movement allowing you to position the hand anywhere in space. Test your knowledge of the joints of the body with this free multiplechoice quiz, plus links to over 200 other anatomy and physiology quizzes quiz 1. The shoulderjoint is an enarthrodial or ballandsocket joint. Explore our video tutorials, quizzes, articles and atlas images of glenohumeral joint for a full understanding of its anatomy. Clinical anatomy of upper limb joints clinical anatomy of upper limb muscles clinical anatomy of nerve affect upper limb muscles. Ppt shoulder anatomy powerpoint presentation free to. Holes essentials of human anatomy and physiology, ed 9.
The glenohumeral joint, or shoulder joint, is a ball and socket type joint. All of the following statements are true, except one. The shoulder joint is one of the most movable joints in the human body. Multiple dynamic and static factors control glenohumeral instability. Joints are thus functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, which is a freely moveable joint arthroun to fasten by a joint. Anatomy of the human shoulder joint verywell health. The human shoulder is the most mobile joint in the body.
The end of the scapula, the glenoid, refers to depression of the scapula entering into the formation of the shoulder joint. The glenohumeral joint or shoulder joint is a ball and socket type joint. Commonly thought of as a single joint, the shoulder is actually made up of two separate joints the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints. More in orthopedics orthopedic surgery postoperative recovery home office ergonomics. The bones entering into its formation are the hemispherical head of the humerus and the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula, an arrangement which permits of very considerable movement, while the joint itself is protected against displacement by the tendons which surround it. The glenohumeral, or shoulder, joint is a synovial joint that attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton. The shoulder has two main bones called the humerus upper arm bone and the scapula shoulder blade. However a series of complex ligaments and muscle keep it in joint. Tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle secures the humerus to the glenoid cavity.
The omnidirectional shoulder is the most mobile and the most versatile of the human joints. Introduction shoulder joint is formed by scapula and clavicle which is also called as shoulder girdleand proximal humerus. The scapulothoracic joint is the physiological, or func tional, joint. Anatomy and injuries of the shoulder illustrates the following normal anatomy. The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint. It has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body. The shoulder joint is an enarthrodial or ball and socket joint. Most shoulder motion occurs at the ball and socket glenohumeral joint, but for full motion of the shoulder, the acromioclavicular joint must also be functioning normally. Us appearance of the supraspinatus tendon and muscle under physiological conditions is. Google scholar mallon wj, brown hr, vogler jb, 3rd, martinez s. Diarthroses form joints that are freely movable joint function is to absorb the force of impact, transfer the force via cartilage to bone and to allow a variable degree of movement.
The shoulder complex consists of several ana tomical joints and one physiological joint. The ball is the top rounded part of the humerus and the socket is the bowlshaped part of the scapula called the glenoid into which the ball fit. Synarthroses form joints that are relatively rigid 2. Jul 20, 2012 3d anatomy tutorial on the shoulder joint using the zygote body browser.
Injury to the shoulder joint is followed by pain, limitation of movement, and. Anatomy and physiology 31524h edexcel and btec qualifications. The glenohumeral joint, or shoulder joint, is a ballandsocket type joint. Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder in throwing, swimming, gymnastics, and tennis. The shoulder is one of the most sophisticated and complicated joints of the body. Shoulder joint is formed by articulation of the scapula glenoid cavity and head of the humerus glenohumeral joint 4 dr. Apr 01, 2014 the shoulder joint is one of the most movable joints in the human body. Apr 15, 2020 these bursae allow the structures of the shoulder joint to slide easily over one another. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The shoulder joint is a ballandsocket joint between the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus. The shoulder joint is structurally classified as a synovial ball and socket joint and functionally as. Knowing the anatomy of the shoulder is essential for surgeons who want to evaluate the. Anatomy and physiology anatomy is structure physiology is function. The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility found between the adjacent bones.
Posteriorly shoulder joint protected by teres minor and. Award up to six marks for analysing the shoulder joint for a cricketer when completing a bowling action ball and socket enables a wide range of movement when bowling. The most flexible joint in the entire human body, our shoulder joint is formed by the union of the humerus, the scapula or shoulder blade, and the clavicle or collarbone. Here is the very basic anatomy of the shoulder joint aka glenohumeral joint showing the ball and socket joint where the humerus bone of the arm meets the scapula. The hip joint and the glenohumeral shoulder joint are the only ballandsocket joints of the body. Synovial joints allow for free movement between the bones and are the most common joints of the body. The term, anatomy, is derived read more human anatomy and physiology health education pdf book by ross and willson. Synovial joints allow for free movement between the bones and are the most common joints. Topic 3 anatomy and physiology of the joints pdf anp1106. As with all joints, there is cartilage on both ends of the connection to allow for smooth movement. The shoulder, in conjunction with the elbow joint and the ulnar and radial bones of the forearm, may be operated to create a powerful lever to perform lifting or prying movements. The glenohumeral joint is structurally a ballandsocket joint and functionally is considered a diarthrodial, multiaxial, joint. The joint with the greatest range of motion is the ball and socket joint. At a synovial joint, the articulating surfaces of the bones are not directly connected, but instead come into contact with each other within a joint cavity that is filled with a lubricating fluid.
The joint capsules of both the sternoclavicular and the acromioclavicular joints are reinforced by several ligaments. Anteriorly shoulder joint protected by subscapularis. Movements of the human shoulder represent the result of a complex dynamic interplay of structural bony anatomy and biomechanics, static ligamentous and tendinous restraints, and dynamic muscle forces. It involves articulation between the glenoid cavity of the scapula shoulder blade and the head of the humerus upper arm bone. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, metacarpophalangeal joints. The term, anatomy, is derived read more human anatomy and physiology health education pdf. A detailed chart showing normal anatomy of the shoulder as well as common injuries. Naming joint actions a joint action is a cardinal plane joint motion. Anterior view showing muscles, bones, liagments, nerves, veins and arterires. Anatomy and physiology, ed 7, new york, 2006, mcgrawhill. This joint allows the arm to move in a circular rotation as. Understanding the structure and purpose of the bone allows nurses to understand common pathophysiology and consider the mostappropriate steps to improve musculoskeletal health.
Shoulder girdle permits largest rom of any complex in the body shoulder girdle increases rom with less compromise of stability scapulohumeral rhythm 4 joints vs. The bones entering into its formation are the hemispherical head of the humerus and the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula, an arrangement which permits of very considerable movement, while the joint itself is protected against. It allows the upper limb to have a wide array of movements. Muscles that move a limb away from the midline are. Along with the clavicle, the scapula plays a vital role in movement and stabilization of the arm. The humerus is the bone of the upper arm that connects the shoulder to the elbow.
Pdf the shoulder joint is functionally and structurally complex and is composed of bone. Most shoulder motion occurs at the ballandsocket glenohumeral joint, but for full motion of the shoulder, the acromioclavicular joint must also be functioning normally. Introduction shoulder joint is formed by scapula and clavicle which is also called as shoulder girdle and proximal humerus. It is a ballandsocket joint, formed between the glenoid fossa of scapula gleno and the head of humerus humeral acting in conjunction with the pectoral girdle, the shoulder joint allows for a wide range of motion at the upper limb. All decisions about arthroscopy must be made in conjunction with your surgeon or a licensed healthcare provider. The shoulder joint is the connection between the chest and the upper extremity. The scapula, or shoulder blade, is the concave side of the joint made between the humerus and scapula. Human anatomy is the science which deals with the structure of the human body. The ball is the top, rounded part of the humerus, and the socket is the bowlshaped part of the scapula, called the glenoid, into which the ball fits. Pdf functional anatomy of the shoulder researchgate. Superiorly shoulder joint protected by supraspinatus. As the most mobile joint in the body, the shoulder is structurally insecure. Webmds shoulder anatomy page provides an image of the parts of the shoulder and describes its function, shoulder problems, and more.
A second joint in the shoulder is the junction of the collar bone with the shoulder blade, called the acromioclavicular joint. The muscles surrounding the joint undergo reflex spasm in response to pain originating in the joint, which in turn serves to immobilize the joint and thus reduce the pain. The shoulder joint structure movement teachmeanatomy. The scapulothoracic joint is the physiological, or func tional, joint between the underside of the scapula and the dorsal thoracic wall. This joint allows the arm to move in a circular rotation as well as towards and away from the body. This section will examine the anatomy of selected synovial joints of the body. Direction of motion body part that moves joint at which motion occurs example. Due to wide range of movement it is also most unstable joint compared to other joints of the body. Take the following quiz to find out how well you know the joints.
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